The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights Essay

The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights - Essay Example Concerning the activity of the social rights secured under article 27 [of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights], the Committee sees that culture shows itself in numerous structures, including a specific lifestyle related with the utilization of land assets, particularly on account of indigenous people groups. Examine whether Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which New Zealand is a signatory, is powerful in securing the privilege of MAORI to appreciate Maori culture in New Zealand. Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides for the Maori culture the option to take part in angling exercises and it emphasizes its commitments to guarantee that these rights are perceived. The Fisheries Settlement has accomplished this to an enormous degree in as much as it gave them the privilege to income through quantity along with Maori cooperation in the Sealords bargain in what might be called as the cur rent exemplification of Maori cases to the business fishery. Along these lines, Maori practices powerful control in an organization through their shareholding and their agents on the Board of Directors and has put them in an extraordinary situation to grow their essence in the market through the securing of further portion and angling resources just as through expansion in universal finding handling and showcasing. Its execution is guaranteed and ensured by the Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Commission and its organizations just as individual clans. Aside from this, the Fisheries settlement has made some amazing progress in securing non-business angling for example for standard food gathering and a fruitful endeavor has been made to perceive the uncommon connection among Maori and spots of significance for standard food gathering. It might be noticed that the privilege of minorities under Article 27 isn't boundless. They are dependent upon sensible guideline gave these measures have a sensible and target support and are predictable with the other arrangement of the Covenant and above all don't bring about a refusal of right. In Re Mahuika V New Zealand, it was held by one of the board of trustees individuals that to the extent according to Article 27 of the Covenant, a general settlement of fisheries claims is seen as perfect to Article 27 gave that the states of viable conference and making sure about the supportability of socially critical types of Maori angling are met. The Human Rights Committee was of the view that there is no penetrate of any article of the Covenant. In compatibility of the insurance of the privileges of the Maoris under Article 27 of the Covenant, the State has guaranteed that through a repetitive and complex procedure of meeting with the different Maori bunches it has endeavored to make sure about expansive Maori backing to an across the country settlement and guideline of angling exercises. It was just when there was considerable Maori bolster that the Settlement was sanctioned. It would not be strange to make reference to that the conference procedure concentrated on the social and strict centrality of looking for the Maori entomb alia to making sure about the chance of Maori people and networks to connect with themselves in non-business angling exercises. Along these lines, the State has found a way to guarantee that the Fisheries Settlement and its sanctioning through enactment including the Quota Management System are in accordance with article 27.

How to Be a Better Student and Still Have Fun

The most effective method to Be a Better Student and Still Have Fun In the event that you ask arbitrary undergrads from the nation over for what valid reason they’re in school, most will either say, â€Å"I’m simply attempting to have fun!† or, â€Å"I simply need to graduate on schedule and escape here.† A remunerating school experience doesn’t need to mean giving up going mammoth mode. With a bit of arranging you cause school all that it to can be! In this article we’re going to experience the procedure bit by bit. 1. Manufacture Your Student Asset List School has a ton to offer, particularly when the grounds is situated inside a fair measured city. Confronted with so much potential numerous understudies just forego everything and settle for a couple critical gatherings and a couple of good summers. Not cool. The principal thing you have to manufacture is a benefit list. What are you equipped for doing? Would you be able to travel and study abroad? Would you be able to chip in? What abilities do you bring to the table the many school associations and clubs? What sports would you be acceptable at? It is safe to say that you are down to become familiar with an instrument or sing in the ensemble? You get the thought. On the off chance that you’re working, at that point make this rundown pretty much the extra time that you do have. Capitalize on it. On the off chance that you need time for having rest, we can assist you with getting your work done. Set aside some effort to plunk down, see what the school brings to the table and what you’re open to. This is going to normally start to limit things down a piece. You’ll start check things off the rundown, for instance going for the school football or chess groups, and leaving others open for banter. 2. Pick Your Triad Presently, you’re going to pick one action for three classes: sports, clubs and interests. As you’ll see, it’s about individuals. The a greater amount of them you’re presented to and ready to connect with, the better time school can be without giving up your GPA. 1. A Sport: This could be anything truly. You don’t need to go straight for something like baseball or b-ball. Think about tennis, rugby or banner football. Anything group related and physical is going to work ponders. Also, you’ll remain fit as a fiddle. Initially simply attempt to fill at any rate half of every year with a game. Odds are by your senior year you’ll be in a game the whole time. 2. A Club: Again, you have your pick. The advantage rundown ought to have limited things down, however ensure you consider extending your aptitudes. Possibly something on the more political side? Or then again, maybe the culinary club? Don’t naturally pick something inside your major. Go outside your solace bubble. 3. A Hobby: Music, painting, photography, and so forth. Grow your limits. Attempt unusual and new things that you’re in fact prepared to do and intrigued by. So during the time paying little heed to how cool or uncool you might be you’re contending in a game, partaking in a club and seeking after a diversion alongside your investigations. Your calendar alone will make it about outlandish not to make some great memories. You’ll be too occupied to even consider complaining. 3. Mesh Activities into Class Scheduling Mesh these into your group plan as you progress through your major. Each quarter needs to have the set of three in them. You need to work at it and be key with your accessible time. You need to get yourself on an appropriate dozing plan (this keeps you in the clear). You’ve got the opportunity to find some kind of harmony where you’re constantly dynamic and included yet have sufficient opportunity to eat, study and pro tests also. 4. Make â€Å"Yes† Your College Mantra Odds are you’re going to get welcome to huge amounts of gatherings on account of your set of three of exercises. Never state no. Continuously state yes. Regardless of what you need to show up and BRING A GIFT. On the off chance that there’s examining and resting to be done, at that point remain twenty minutes and afterward bail. Individuals will value that you appeared and the blessing will compensate for the loss of your essence. At the point when individuals approach you for favors, on the off chance that you can do them, at that point do them. Become the notorious â€Å"yes man† and see where life takes you. 5. Regard Professors This isn’t about earthy colored nosing anyone or searching for breaks. It’s about demonstrating regard and being eager to go well beyond for educators to guarantee that school has less hindrances. Do what you can to contact them and structure an expert instructor/understudy relationship past class. This semi manage didn’t notice dating since dating is excessively dubious and eccentric. The correct exceptional somebody can make truly make school a staggering excursion. While an inappropriate individual transform it into a bad dream. In any case, that’s a theme for some other time. Keep in mind, to truly cause school fun you to need to get out there and get included. Assemble an advantage list, pick your movement group of three and mesh them into your everyday experience. What do you think, did we nail it? Let us know in the remarks!

New Student Photo Series 2010 Post #28 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2010 â€" Post #28 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This week we are wrapping up our summer photo series featuring submissions by incoming students.   Thank you to everyone who has participated, its been another great summer of photo submissions. The first three photos were submitted Salinthip (Joyce) Tangpanjapon, an incoming international dual degree student. _______________________________ Each year on Aug 12th Thailand not only celebrates the birthday of Her Majesty Queen Regent Sirikit, but it also treats this day as the national mothers day.   As a traditional custom, fresh flower garlands (refer to garland photo) are given to Mother as a symbol of respect and love. Moreover, as a tropical country, Thailand has many exotic plants and flowers. For instance, the pink/white lotus grows naturally in a river or lagoon, coconut trees mostly found near to the beach, and the red flower. Thai flowers are in high demand as common export product. ___________________________ And the last photo comes from Emily Loebelson, an incoming MIA student. This photo was taken in Kashgar, Xinjiang Province, China.   The photo shows Uighur children playing in the old part of Kashgar, the westernmost city in China.   The old town is quickly being razed to make room for the construction of a new modern city.   I had been living in Shanghai for almost three years before I was able to get out to Xinjiang, and I was wandering the streets gobsmacked at this totally different civilization in western China when I ran into these lively kids.

Alternative Energy Essay - 1152 Words

Alternative Sources for Energy Millions and millions of barrels of oil, coal, and natural gases are being pumped out of the ground on a daily basis. These fuels are being used to heat homes, run machines, and take people from place to place. It has become a part of everyday living; just as essential as food and water. The more resources that is being pumped, the more people want it. Society has an insatiable thirst for this form of energy that is unyielding. It is a never ending cycle of supply and demand. The demand is high, but the supply is limited. One day the earth will be sucked dry of all its resources, yet people will continue to demand. What will happen then? What will take place of the current resources? Due to this crisis,†¦show more content†¦This concept of solar energy can also be used in refrigeration systems as well. An adsorption chiller has been manufactured that can achieve temperatures of 0 ¡Ãƒâ€ F (Henkel, pars.41). Solar energy has enormous potential in reducing gas usage in homes. In fact, one day it may even replace any need for gas at all. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Solar energy has its functions; however, it is not the only alternative energy source. Wind can be transformed into practical energy as well. Wind power is one of the fasting growing sources of energy and it doesn ¡Ã‚ ¯t seem to be slowing down. As technology advances, wind turbines are getting bigger and more efficient. A wind turbine in the United States has a 104 meter blade producing 3.6 megawatts of electricity (Talbot, pars.2). The blade span alone is longer than a football field and generates enough power for 1,000 homes. General Electric is currently attempting to design an even bigger wind turbine with a blade span of 140 meters and could produce as much as 7 megawatts according to Jim Lyons, chief technologist at GE wind. Although there is potential to tap into a vast amount of energy, it is not 100% reliable. Wind is not guaranteed to be always blowing and with these huge turbines, if one fails many users will be affected until the problem is fix ed (Talbot, pars.4). Furthermore, there is no guarantee for the amount of energy produced due to constant changes in directions of the wind, which in turn affects theShow MoreRelatedAlternative Energy1688 Words   |  7 PagesAre alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil? September 24, 2012 Are alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil? Right now there is no one substitute for oil because we use it for a variety of things. We can use alternative sources in areas to preserve or conserve our usage of oil. We use to use wood for fires and light. Then in the industrial revolution we began to use coal. â€Å"Coal can provide much more energy over longer periods thanRead More Hydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesHydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Water provides a very valuable resource. We use dams built to run water through turbines and produce electricity. There are many advantages and disadvantages to hydropower, though there are more advantages. It is reasonable inexpensive to maintain, and is a clean source. There are issues with dams blocking fish swimming in the river, but there are ways to help them. Hydropower is well balanced between the electricity needs and the needs of the environmentRead MoreAlternative Energy And Renewable Energy1668 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the 20th and 21st century, our knowledge about the environment and energy has steadily grown, as well as our dependence on them. Nowadays, power and electricity are in every facet of our daily lives. 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Of these, hydroelectric made up 82% of the renewable resource energy generation, while the other means all contributed about equally. These relationships can be seen clearly inRead MoreNew And Alternative Sources Of Energy1311 Words   |  6 Pages Today s society uses enormous amounts of energy. *The shadow of our presence on this planet is a result of generations upon generations of production and utilization of energy*. New and alternative sources of energy are being developed to replace the declining accessibility of coal and fossil fuels. Use of renewable energy is a key component in combatting the climate change that has become a major issue in the 21st century. Reducing our impact on the climate as a result of greenhouse gas emissionsRead MoreAlternative Energy : Renewable Energy966 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative Energy. What is it? 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We need to turn to alternative energy in general. Firstly, we were in danger

A Brief Note On The Universal Declaration Of Human Right Runs

Article 23 Part 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Right runs that everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. In this regards, statistics says that gender inequality in general, part of which is unequal pay, began to decline in the last ten years, but the process goes slowly and unevenly. In particular, the gender pay gap ranges from less than 10% in some Southeast countries to more than 40% in some countries of Central Asia (International Labour Organization, 2016). Various recent reports reveal that women still face discrimination in almost all aspects of the labor market: starting with whether or not women have paid jobs at all, what kind of job they get or from which jobs they are excluded, the availability of support such as pay, benefits and working conditions, their access to higher-paid â€Å"male† jobs, insecurity of their jobs or businesses, absence of any or equal rights to benefits, and ending with the lack of time, resour ces and information to enhance their rights to equal working conditions. Meanwhile, sustainable development cannot be achieved without equal distribution of resources, whereas expanding labor opportunities for women means giving thousands of women potential chances to escape from the trap of poverty and dependence on men. While there is consensus that gender discrimination is both illegal and inefficient, opinions vary on how it could actually be eliminated and what the promotion of equal labor opportunitiesShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Nike s Global Supply Chain3974 Words   |  16 PagesCase: Nike’s global supply chain Proposed title: The global fashion industry’s perpetual engagement in sweatshop labor for profit maximization and its effect on human rights: a case study of Nike 1.0 INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly becoming a fundamental piece of the corporate world. It has been noted that the role of business is shifting and the expectations of the general public towards role of businesses has shifted. This is because some businesses are moreRead MoreGirls Child Education in India3819 Words   |  16 Pagesteach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true education. 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Whether it be â€Å"paternalistic† state snooping authorised by the Home Secretary There sa May, closed courts and â€Å"secret justice,† the seizure of travel documents, reintroduction of exile as a punitive measure or restrictions placed on individuals through Terrorism Prevention and Investigatory Measures, legislation has noticeably become more draconianRead MoreThe Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility7407 Words   |  30 Pagestool of CSR. As our main concern throughout this paper is to pinpoint those definite and clear elements of any transnational and/or multinational corporations’ accountability towards the broader society within a narrow framework of international human rights law, it is fundamental that we are able to get rid of those overwhelmingly moral components of CSR that bear very little legal significance and have a very small chance of becoming a legally enforceable instrument. 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Can We Know When to Trust Our Emotions in the Pursuit Free Essays

What is actual definition of emotion? There is no actual definition even though the Oxford Dictionary defines it as: â€Å"The part of a person’s character that consists of feeling†. Emotions are one part of the Ways of Knowing. Primary emotions are: * Happiness * Sadness * Fear * Anger * Surprise * Disgust those emotions are not learnt, they are inborn, because even born blind or deaf people show these emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on Can We Know When to Trust Our Emotions in the Pursuit? or any similar topic only for you Order Now So how did emotions help us in getting knowledge during the history? I think, that the best example of this will be war, as it’s always full of emotions, such as fear, pain, hope, sorrow, loss and others. All of them makes people’s minds unclear and spoiled so they can’t perceive the reality properly. For example, there is a story about the Second World War. One German soldier was in a special group of people who was walking through the villages gathering supplies. Once they have been ambushed by Russian partisans, they split. After some time passed, this soldier saw a house burning and a woman who was crying inside. He ran into house and saved her, but on the way back to safe place he has been shot by a Russian soldier. The great misunderstanding happened that day. The heroism of the German soldier was understood as an attempt to kill a woman but not to safe. It happened because Russian soldier was over full with the feeling of hatred and anger to a German and couldn’t think clearly. The other example of the influence of emotions on our knowledge and its gaining is art and what we feel about it. Mainly those feelings which we experience, for example, in front of a painting or while reading a book. In my opinion, a good attempt to explain this would be an example from real life situation. Once I was in the art gallery, and it was a modern art exhibition there. The pictures were pretty weird (that’s what I thought) and I couldn’t understand what they showed. I was thinking about the meaning for a few hours but didn’t get it. So when my parents asked me about how was it I answered them that I didn’t like it. Next time I was there with my father and it was the art exhibition of the scenery paintings. I liked them and I understood the exact meaning of them. I felt warmth of the sunny day, cold of the windy winter and sadness of the autumn just because of the emotions they incident to me. Compare to the modern art exhibition where I didn’t understand anything because paintings didn’t incident any feelings in me that one was much better and it is only because of the feelings inside me – emotions. In conclusion, I would say that even though emotions make our minds unclear and make it much more difficult to understand the reality properly, they also help us to understand the unknown things such as paintings or music due to the emotions they are keeping inside them. What is actual definition of emotion? There is no actual definition even though the Oxford Dictionary defines it as: â€Å"The part of a person’s character that consists of feeling†. Emotions are one part of the Ways of Knowing. Primary emotions are: * Happiness * Sadness * Fear * Anger * Surprise * Disgust those emotions are not learnt, they are inborn, because even born blind or deaf people show these emotions. So how did emotions help us in getting knowledge during the history? I think, that the best example of this will be war, as it’s always full of emotions, such as fear, pain, hope, sorrow, loss and others. All of them makes people’s minds unclear and spoiled so they can’t perceive the reality properly. For example, there is a story about the Second World War. One German soldier was in a special group of people who was walking through the villages gathering supplies. Once they have been ambushed by Russian partisans, they split. After some time passed, this soldier saw a house burning and a woman who was crying inside. He ran into house and saved her, but on the way back to safe place he has been shot by a Russian soldier. The great misunderstanding happened that day. The heroism of the German soldier was understood as an attempt to kill a woman but not to safe. It happened because Russian soldier was over full with the feeling of hatred and anger to a German and couldn’t think clearly. The other example of the influence of emotions on our knowledge and its gaining is art and what we feel about it. Mainly those feelings which we experience, for example, in front of a painting or while reading a book. In my opinion, a good attempt to explain this would be an example from real life situation. Once I was in the art gallery, and it was a modern art exhibition there. The pictures were pretty weird (that’s what I thought) and I couldn’t understand what they showed. I was thinking about the meaning for a few hours but didn’t get it. So when my parents asked me about how was it I answered them that I didn’t like it. Next time I was there with my father and it was the art exhibition of the scenery paintings. I liked them and I understood the exact meaning of them. I felt warmth of the sunny day, cold of the windy winter and sadness of the autumn just because of the emotions they incident to me. Compare to the modern art exhibition where I didn’t understand anything because paintings didn’t incident any feelings in me that one was much better and it is only because of the feelings inside me – emotions. In conclusion, I would say that even though emotions make our minds unclear and make it much more difficult to understand the reality properly, they also help us to understand the unknown things such as paintings or music due to the emotions they are keeping inside them. How to cite Can We Know When to Trust Our Emotions in the Pursuit?, Essay examples

Review the Impact That Selected Theories of Management and Leadership Have on Organisational Strategy Essay Example

Review the Impact That Selected Theories of Management and Leadership Have on Organisational Strategy Essay [pic] EDEXCEL BTEC LEVEL 7 CERTIFICATE In STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS Tutor Marked Assignment TMA 02 Samantha Haran IN PARTNERSHIP WITH TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY TMA 02 Leadership Strategy and Planning for Leadership Table of Contents Executive summary Overview: There are three objectives of this assignment: 1. To identify the key strategic management and leadership drivers for an organisation of your choice over the next three years; 2. To apply knowledge of management and leadership theory when creating a leadership strategy for your organisation; 3. To plan for the recruitment and future development of a specific leadership role. TMA 02: Instructions †¢ There are two tasks to complete: Task 1: Leadership Strategy Report format (2000 words excluding appendices) Using an organisation of your choice, write a report for the executive team on what you consider to be the key strategic management and leadership drivers for the next three years. In your report you should identify and justify what you consider to be the most important area of strategic policy and how this could be implemented. You must apply your knowledge of current thinking by recommending three management and leadership theories for consideration in the proposed implementation process. Task 1: Guidance (Assessment criteria AC 2. 1, 2. 2, 3. 1 3. 2) i) You should start by choosing an organisation for the focus of your research. i) By considering the major political, economic and social factors relating to the business context, you are required to identify the key strategic drivers for the organisation over a period of three years from the publication date of the assignment. (AC 3. 1) iii) The outcome of this initial research should lead to a summary of the strategic management and leadership implications for the organisation and its leaders. (AC 3. 2) iv) You should extend this report by identifying and justifying what you consider to be the most important area for strategic policy implementation in the given timescale. AC 2. 2) v) Once this is completed, you will need to conduct a theoretical review of management and leadership theories and, based on current thinking, apply three theories to assist the implementation of the nominated strategic policy. (AC 2. 1) Task 2: Plan (1000 words excluding appendices) Produce a plan for the recruitment and future development for a senior manager who will lead the implementation of a key strategic policy over a timescale of three years. We will write a custom essay sample on Review the Impact That Selected Theories of Management and Leadership Have on Organisational Strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review the Impact That Selected Theories of Management and Leadership Have on Organisational Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review the Impact That Selected Theories of Management and Leadership Have on Organisational Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Task 2 Guidance (Assessment criteria AC 3. 2, 4. 1 4. 2) Please familiarise yourself with the criteria below which will be used to assess your work on this assignment. This is a planning document and although standard presentation conventions associated with this type of document should be applied, creative planning formats are encouraged. Guidance on assignment presentation, structure, English usage and referencing can be sourced in the 2010/11 course handbook which is available on Blackboard. ) You should start by using the organisation selected for Task 1 ii) Plan for the recruitment of a strategic manager to lead the strategic policy you nominated for Task 1. Ignoring salary and conditions of employment, concentrate on producing a relevant job description, and person specification. (AC 3. 2 4. 1) iii) To ensure successful implementation of the strategic policy, identify and justify a range of suitable (leadership-based) professional development activities for this senior manage r. This plan should extend over three years. AC 4. 2) Ethical Considerations If you draw on the practice of others in your organisation, you must gain their written permission to do so. When researching and writing this report you are required to treat all your information as confidential. Using course guidelines on ethical conduct for research, you are requested not to identify the name of the organisations in your work or anyone you have permission to work with. EDEXCEL Assignment Criteria On successful completion of this assignment, you will meet the following criteria: Outcomes |Assessment criteria for pass | | | | | |To achieve each outcome a learner must demonstrate the ability to: | |2. Be able to apply management and leadership |2. 1 Review the impact that selected | |theory to support organisational direction. theories of management and | | |leadership have on organisational | | |strategy. | | | | | |2. 2 Create a leadership strategy that | | |supports organisational dire ction | |3. Be able to assess leadership requirements. |Use appropriate methods to review current leadership requirements. | | | | | |Plan for the development of future situations requiring leadership. | | 4. Be able to plan the development of leadership|4. 1 Plan the development of leadership | |skills. |skills for a specific requirement. | | | | |4. 2 Report on the usefulness of methods | | |used to plan the development of | | |leadership skills. | | | |

Standards of Beauty Essays

Standards of Beauty Essays Standards of Beauty Essay Standards of Beauty Essay Standards of beauty: Beauty is defined as the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether arising from sensory manifestations (as shape, color, sound, etc. ), according to dictionary. com. Beauty has multiple interpretations in various cultures, especially in Western society, whose standards differ from the rest. In Western society, both men and women undergo cosmetic procedures to alter their physical appearance and enhance self-esteem. The most common cosmetic produces for women include Botox injections, liposuctions, rhinoplasty, facelifts, and breast ugmentations; whereas, men mostly get facelifts, Botox and liposuction. Women get breast augmentations to feel attractive about themselves, but most importantly to gain attention form men. In some cases, men view women with larger breast sizes as sexually appealing compared to women with smaller breast sizes. These standards of beauty potentially influence an increase of such procedures. It is worth noting that a womans decision to get breast augmentation may originate from another woman she idolizes. For example, a celebrity or mentor could be a source of influence seeing as though a woman may want to emulate specific attractive features. This also applies to other procedures as well and not solely with breast augmentation. In reference to weight, it is acceptable for men to be robust. This standard also applies to women: however, a woman who is too robust is considered masculine and unattractive. Similarly, a man and/or woman who is overweight are deemed unappealing in western society, on the grounds that bigger is unflattering and being skinny is beautiful. Thus, thrive to be a size 6 or below to accommodate these regulation. Generally, a woman who wears less clothing or exposes too much skin is considered enticing. This standard is more common because this invites nwanted and often times wanted attention, which explains sex as being marketable. The more tempting a woman appears, the more she is desired. Conversely, a man who wears more clothing is valued as good-looking. In conclusion, beauty has multiple interpretations in various cultures, especially in Western society, whose standards differ. These standards include: cosmetic produces, such as facelifts, Botox and liposuction and breast augmentation, to alter ones physical appearance and enhance self-esteem, general physique preferences, and wearing less clothing to appeal to desirable for men. Standards of Beauty By AmBizzle12

Francis Bacon and the Essay Of Revenge

Francis Bacon and the Essay Of Revenge The first major English essayist, Francis Bacon  (1561-1626) published three versions of his Essayes or Counsels (1597, 1612 and 1625), and the third edition has endured as the most popular of his many writings. The Essayes, observes Robert K. Faulkner, appeals not so much to self-expression as to self-interest, and does so by supplying enlightened ways to satisfy ones interest. (Encyclopedia of the Essay, 1997) A notable jurist who served as both attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England, Bacon argues in his essay Of Revenge (1625) that the wild justice of personal revenge is a fundamental challenge to the rule of law. Of Revenge by Francis Bacon Revenge is a kind of wild justice; which the more mans nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong putteth the law out of office. Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a princes part to pardon. And Solomon, I am sure, saith, It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence. That which is past is gone, and irrevocable; and wise men have enough to do with things present and to come; therefore they do but trifle with themselves, that labor in past matters. There is no man doth a wrong for the wrongs sake; but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honor, or the like. Therefore why should I be angry with a man for loving himself better than me? And if any man should do wrong merely out of ill-nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which prick and scratch, because they can do no other. The most tole rable sort of revenge is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy; but then let a man take heed the revenge be such as there is no law to punish; else a mans enemy is still before hand, and it is two for one. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh. This is the more generous. For the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark. Cosmus, duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable; You shall read (saith he) that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our friends. But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune: Shall we (saith he) take good at Gods hands, and not be content to take evil also? And so of friends in a proportion. This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal and do well. Public revenges are for the most part fortunate; as that for the death of Caesar; for the death of Pertinax; for the death of Henry the Third of France; and many more. But in private revenges it is not so. Nay rather, vindictive persons live the life of witches; who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate.

Christianity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christianity - Coursework Example For example Jesus said that the behavioral component to his requirements for "salvation† is necessary and along with that, a person must ensure to perform good deeds in the physical nature and without this the salvation is difficult whereas Paul said that the internal nature and feelings of a human beings are necessary and there is not an elevated need of deeds and actions at the apparent level. Similarly there are numerous contradictions between the teachings of Jesus and Saint Paul for example Jesus said in the gospel of Luke that God is only of the living beings and there is no relation of the dead people with God whereas the statement of Saint Paul contradicts it and says that God is of both living beings and the dead (Jones, 2006). Explain the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Roman Catholic churches are regarded as the oldest institution of Christianity in the western world and the time period of the establishment of the Roman Catholic churc hes is around 2000 years. Roman Catholics believe that The Pope is the authority in Christianity because the pope is the direct descendent of Saint Peter which was nominated by Jesus himself before he went away from this world. Orthodox churches do not consider Pope as the authority and claim that he has amended the real teachings of the Jesus and the textual references of Bible. A roman catholic preach is not allowed to marry whereas a priest from the Orthodox Church is allowed to marry. Similarly, the orthodox churches believe that as soon as the baptism takes place, any person becomes eligible for the holy communication between him and God whereas the Roman Catholic Church does not give the permission for the holy communication except priests. In the orthodox churches, all the saints including the mother of Jesus are considered to be equal and there is not classification done between any of the saints both of present times and past whereas in the Roman Catholic churches, Mary is valued as the highest in the saints and they chant "hail Mary" prayer every day in the church almost for forty to forty five times (Wordwiz, 2011). What issues did each of the Protestant Reformers (Luther, Calvin, the English Reformers) have with the Roman Catholic Church? Be specific. The main difference of opinion started when Martin Luther, who was a monk, professor and priest at the University of Wittenberg started to question the process of forgiveness in Christianity and said that how is it possible that a person can be forgiven and atoned for one’s own actions. The Roman Catholics church argued that a person can only be forgiven even in his post baptism life if he repents and then confesses all his sins in front of a priest. Martin Luther said that the forgiveness is not because of the apparent confessions of a person rather it is part of the grace of God on man. The eternal salvation can never be achieved if the person really does not feel ashamed of all the action of sins he did and the feeling of shame is also given because of the grace of God. The characters, priests and symbolic remarks cannot be used in the long run in order to ensure forgiveness. There was another protestant reformer named John Calvin who said that the destiny of human beings have already decided who will be given forgiveness and who will not be gifted grace of God so there is no point in doing the confessions and rituals in the churches. A person can evaluate the course of his

Course work question in term of report in database field Coursework

Course work question in term of report in database field - Coursework Example sist develop an updated system for them to manage administration, sales, stock, SC club members, competitions, service scheduling, promotions and other administration matters. The reason for this report is to provide update approaches that Silent Cycles require. The report is comprises of the following sections requirements collection techniques, database security issues, context level diagram, analysis and design: use technique of Normalisation, and finally a critical discussion of the database system. Silent Cycles has been in operation unfortunately their existing database system does not adequately serve them currently. Requirements gathering techniques are meant to collect information from managers, employees, system administrators and customers so as to assess the best strategies (Dennis, Wixom & Roth, 2009). The purpose of doing this is to understand what suppose to be done as the process involves building systems for others, not for experts. Gather data through interviews, documentation, observation, surveys/questionnaires, and immersion. These techniques necessitate that data is systematize or presented in a way end users can understand. This can be done through notes, brainstorming, cards, and computer tools then presented as lists, outlines, matrices, narratives, network and flow charts. Three key apparatus in considering how individuals work comprise activities, artefacts and relations. Not just computer system oriented but investigation of related systems and objects i n the setting that people may employ in office environment including papers, whiteboards, phone calling and others. Focus on observable behaviours (Dennis, Wixom & Roth, 2009); what are the steps, methods, objects, practices used? Learn what people do, the reason they do it, the manner they do it, the time they execute it, with what instrument or individuals they do it. The new application / UI may transform some of this, particularly the manner. Comprehending how can direct to deeper

Threat To India Or Economic Need Of China

Threat To India Or Economic Need Of China I have always thought that it is important, even essential, that these two countries of Asia, India and China, should have friendly and, as far as possible co-operative relations. It would be a tragedy, not only for India, and possibly for China, but for Asia and the whole world, if they develop some kind of permanent hostility  [1]   Jawahar Lal Nehru India and China have laid the ghost of the 1962 war to rest, and have turned their faces to the future. Prem Shankar Jha INTRODUCTION For more than 60 years, Pakistan and India and have been arguing and periodically coming to blows over one of the most beautiful places in the world i.e. Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK). India, Pakistan and China are in possession of various parts of Jammu Kashmir. China-Pakistan relations have always been a matter of concern for India, however due to the increased involvement of China in POK the matter has worsened further. With presence of an estimated 11,000 soldiers of the Peoples Liberation Army in POK, one can confidently state about the growing foot-prints of China in POK  [2]  . This prompted views among many Indian military and political leaders and journalists that Islamabad is handing over the de-facto control of the strategic Gilgit-Baltistan region of POK to China. Further it is believed that as the years proceed, Pakistan will emerge as an instrument of Chinas force projection into South Asia.  [3]   With this as background, it is imperative to examine and understand Chinas interests and strategy in POK as these developments hold large significance for Indias security interests. INDIA CHINA RELATIONS India and China are two of the oldest civilizations of the world and in spite of the present economic, political and military environment and compulsions, these two countries have a long history of friendly relations. However, since 1913-14 Shimla Conference, the Sino-Indian border as part of the issue of Tibets status has been a matter of dispute in relations between the two countries and has resulted in military conflicts. Presently the renewed tensions between the two countries have been dominating diplomacy with issues like Chinas refusal of visa to a top Indian Army General and aggressive Chinese intrusions across the LAC. Pakistan Chinas strategic equation with Pakistan is another issue which is a hindrance to any meaningful improvement in Indias relations with China. China has been the biggest supplier of military hardware to Pakistan, some of which is made available to Kashmiri militants. The increasing involvement and presence of Chinese soldiers in POK has raised concerns in India. Economic A strategic partnership was announced by China and India in 2005 and both countries have in recent years successfully attempted to reignite diplomatic and economic ties and consequently, the two countries relations have become closer. Presently, China is Indias largest trading partner and has recently changed its stance on Indias bid seat at UNSC. This is viewed as beginning of a maturity period in Sino-Indian relations. CHINAS ECONOMIC GROWTH In 1949, Chinas economic system changed to a communist system and as Chinas contribution in world trade has grown; its importance to the international economy has also increased. China is the worlds second largest economy after the United States by purchasing power parity and is the worlds fastest-growing economy. Unequal Regional Development Deng Xiaoping, orchestrated Chinas reform and opening-up 30 years ago, once said that some areas must get rich before others.  [4]  This was due to the countrys massive scale, the economic development could not happen all at once across China. Planning and implementation of such an economy would take years, even decades and some areas would inevitably be developed before others and thus coastal regions of China were the best place to place to start, due to the natural advantage of access to Asian and overseas markets via the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea.  [5]  The two areas which benefited most from this economic strategy of China were the Yangtze River Delta region in the East and Pearl River Delta region in the South.  [6]   West China the New Economic Story Chinas unequal transportation system, combined with differences in the availability of resources (natural and human) and industrial infrastructure has resulted in large variations in the regional economies of China. Although Chinas coastal regions continue to develop, the initial boom has already slowed.  [7]  Furthermore, foreign investors are beginning to grow weary of the increasing costs of doing business in cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen.  [8]  Therefore, now both domestic and international businesses are looking towards the interior of the country, where overhead costs are lower. Chinas Western region will emerge as the most interesting economic development story of the coming decade. This Western region comprises of 28% of Chinas population and 70% of its landmass and presently it also accounts for 17% of the countrys GDP, but surely this is set to change for the better.  [9]   In 2001, the Chinese government implemented its Western Development Strategy also known as the Go West policy. The plan called for large infrastructure development in urban and rural areas. The main components of the strategy included the development of infrastructure (transport, hydropower plants, energy and telecommunications), enticement of foreign investment, increased efforts on ecological protection (such as reforestation), retention of talent flowing to richer provinces and promotion of education. The Western Development Bureau affiliated to the state, had released a list of 10 major projects in 2008, with a combined budget of 436 billion Yuan which included projects like, new railway lines connecting Guiyang and Guangzhou, Lanzhou and Chongqing, Kashgar and Hotan in Xinjiang; highways between Wanyuan and Dazhou in Sichuan Province, Shuikou and Duyun in Guizhou Province and airport expansion projects in Chengdu, Chongqing and Xian.  [10]  They also include building of hydropower stations, coal mines, gas and oil transmission lines and also public utilities projects in the western region. By the end of 2007, China had started 92 key construction projects in Western region, with a total investment of more than 1.3 trillion Yuan. The Big Western Line, also known as the South-North water transfer project, is another project being planned to be undertaken for diverting water from six rivers in Southwestern China to the dry areas of Northern China through a system of tunnels, reservoirs and rivers. A robust growth is already in place in the West, reaching 11.9% in the last year.   Over the past 10 years, the railway capacity has increased by 160%, Highway capacity by 280% and the energy capacity by 550%.  [11]  Fixed investment of West was 3,600 billion Yuan and per capita gross domestic product rose to 1,933 dollars per year in 2008, which is just 41.9% compared to the per capita GDP of East. In early July 2010, China announced fresh investments to the tune of 100 billion dollars for 23 infrastructure projects to promote rapid and healthy development of western areas.  [12]   CHINAS ECONOMIC SECURITY Chinas spectacular economic growth is largely responsible for its rising energy demands. While energy production in China sharply increased since 1980, consumption exceeded production by the end of the 1990s and the gap between consumption and production is continuing. Chinas natural gas supply is even more limited than oil. The IEA 2006, forecasts that Chinas oil import will increase five folds by 2030 from slightly less than 2 MMBD in 2002 to 10 MMBD, when imports will account for 80% of Chinas total oil needs. Moreover, as in the rest of Asia, China will become heavily dependent on the Persian Gulf (70% of oil by 2015) for future supplies and its oil will increasingly have to transit a series of vulnerable maritime choke points.  [13]  The constant and safe importation of oil has become a crucial issue in Chinas energy sector. SINO- PAK ECONOMIC NEXUS Gwadar Port Pakistan inaugurated its third deep sea port at Gwadar in 2005 and it became operational in 2008. Work for phase II, at estimated cost of US $ 932 million is in progress for building nine additional berths (including two oil terminals with capacity of 2, 00,000 DWT ships). Other then the economic and military advantages to Pakistan it is important to examine Chinas role and strategic interest in this project. It is widely claimed that there is Chinese interest in reaching the blue waters of Arabian Sea.  [14]  This is considered to be a strategic move by Chinese as they funded US $ 198 million (out of the total Phase I cost of US $ 248 million) and also provided 450 engineers onsite. Towards success of Chinas Go West policy, Gwadar provides access to a port at just 1500 km as compared to the Eastern ports at 3000 km for the products produced in Western China. Gwadar is the ideal transit corridor for China to import oil and gas from Iran and the Persian Gulf. It offers an alternative route which is safer and cheaper as compared to the Strait of Malacca, where China faces problems of piracy and is under US sphere of influence. In Oct 2010, Pakistan government also decided to build a connecting gas pipeline from Gwadar to Xinjiang, China.  [15]   Official sources confirm that an understanding has already developed at highest levels between Pakistan and China that the Gwadar port is to be taken from the Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) and handed over to the Chinese. The port should have gone to the Chinese, who built it largely from their own investment, in the first place, says Baloch nationalist Rauf Khan Sasoli, who accuses former President Pervez Musharraf of giving it to the PSA to please his American masters.  [16]  This will result in not only transfer of power at the Gwadar port but will also allow Chinese to build Gwadar as tax-free industrial center, including oil and gas refineries and a network of roads and railways from Gwadar to China through the ancient silk route. An ambitious deal to build railways along the Khunjrab pass has already been signed between Pakistan.  [17]   There is another thought to this project where Gwadar is considered as the Naval base for the Chinese as part of its String of Pearls strategy and providing defence to its oil movement as part of energy security. However, China had always denied that Gwadar will be used by Chinese military. Pakistan occupied Kashmir The geopolitics amongst China, Pakistan and India has been under the influence of development in POK. The building of the Karakorum Highway proved to be a turning point and was instrumental in strengthening the Sino-Pakistan strategic relations. The Karakorum highway was constructed by Chinese engineers and was completed in 1986. It connects Chinas region of Xinjiang with Gilgit-Baltistan. China and Pakistan had signed a deal in 2006 to widen the Karakoram highway by almost 20 meters wherein China had promised US$ 350 million for the project and once the project is completed, the transport capacity of the strategically significant region will increase significantly which will facilitate Chinas free access to the oil-rich Gulf through the Pakistani port of  Gwadar.  [18]  Thus, it may be visualized that the Gwadar port will be an integral part of Chinas Foreign Trade route in future.   In return for Chinese assistance in the building the highway, Pakistan ceded the Trans-Karakorum Tract to China.  [19]  Since then, it has been a constant source of supply of arms, ammunition and nuclear material to Pakistan from China and other countries like North Korea. Apart from this, goods manufactured in China have crept into Pakistan on a massive scale due to this highway. The Sino-Pak collaboration in hydro-power projects in the POK region including controversial Diamer Bhasha Dam on the Indus River is also a matter of concern for India. During Zardaris visit to China in 2009, the two sides signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on construction of a hydro-power station at Bunji, in the Astore district of POK, with the agreement to construct the hydro power project (7000 MW) on build, operate and transfer basis, which means that all the investment ($ 6-7 billion) will be made by Chinese entrepreneurs.  [20]  Further, there were agreements for cooperation in fisheries, agriculture, education, dams and investment. China has contributed substantially to the rehabilitation and rebuilding projects in POK after the devastating earthquake of Oct 2005. These investments have helped China strengthen its control over POK. China has also encashed on the deprivation and alienation of people in POK both at political and social level. The Karakorum highway has helped in providing the necessary support during the rebuilding and trading opportunities for people of POK. It has been reported that of an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 soldiers of the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army are in POK. Many of the PLA soldiers entering Gilgit-Baltistan are expected to work on the railroad and some are extending the Karakoram Highway, others are working on dams, expressways and other projects. In a way, these developments in POK brings out that, since Pakistan Army is unable to handle multiple conflicts, thus it apparently gave the Chinese army de facto control over Gilgit and Baltistan regions. For China, it is a win-win situation, as it stands to gain unfettered road and rail access to the Middle East through Pakistan.  [21]  The map of karakorum highway is shown below for better appricaition of the situation and its impoartance for Western Chinas economic growth. Karakoram Highway Map Karakorum Highway AN ALTERNATE VIEW TO INDO-CHINA RELATIONS China has finally moved away from Deng Xiaopings principle of hide your strength, bide your time so as to adopt a more proactive role in international affairs. The transformation that China is currently undergoing is clearly visible. Its changes in the socio-political and legal conditions confirm that the regime has changed away from the label of authoritarianism. The course of making decisions and strategy has slowly become decentralised and actors like media, think tanks, academic institutes/ university and voluntary associations and interest groups constitute major linkages between the government, its mechanism and the governed.  [22]   Visit of the Indian External Affairs Minister to China in 1999 marked the resumption of high-level dialogue. The joint declaration signed during the visit of Indian Prime Minister to China in June 2003 stated that China was not a threat to India.  [23]  Special representatives were appointed by the China and India in order to provide thrust to border negotiations. India also acknowledged Chinas sovereignty over Tibet and pledged not to allow anti-China political activities in India. On its part, China had acknowledged Indias 1975 annexation of the former monarchy of Sikkim and later rectified official maps to include Sikkim as part of India.  [24]  India and China are in the second stage of exploring the framework of a final package settlement covering all aspects of the India-China boundary dispute, which will be followed by the final stage of delineation and demarcation of boundary.  [25]   Convergence of Interests India and China have found substantial convergence of interests at the international level wherein they both share similar concerns about the growing international dominance of the US, the threat of terrorism disguised as religious and ethnic movements and the need to accord primacy to economic development. Both nations also favour more democratic international economic regimes.  [26]  They have strongly resisted efforts by the US and other developed nations to link global trade to labour and environmental standards. China and India put forward a joint Sino-Indian position in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and International trade negotiations. Chinas Neutrality Towards Indo- Pak Relations There has been a subtle shift in Beijings stance on Pakistan vis-à  -vis India. Chinas neutral position during the Kargil conflict, during Indo-Pak crisis following the terrorist attack on the Indias Parliament and during Mumbai terrorist attack is seen as sincere attempts of Chinas to improve ties. Towards Chinas attempts to project itself as a responsible regional player, it is supporting peace and anti-terrorist efforts in South Asia by cooperating with the India and US. China is also seen to be instrumental in encouraging Pakistan to negotiate with India by using its linfluence over Pakistan. On, 02 Dec 1996, when Jiang Zemin famously advised the Pakistani senators to set aside the Kashmir problem and improve their relationship with India, he thereby decisively distanced China from the Kashmir imbroglio.  [27]   Bilateral Trade As India and China have found a distinct convergence of their interests on world stage, they have used it to strengthen their bilateral relations on social, military and economic front. Prime Minister Manmohan Singhs government had made it clear that it favoured closer ties with China and would continue to work towards improving and strengthening bilateral relations with China. Among the most encouraging developments in India-China ties is the rapid increase in bilateral trade. A few years ago, India Inc had a fear of being swamped by Chinese imports, whereas today, it is estimated that the bilateral trade between the two countries will grow by 20 per cent to reach beyond $60 billion in 2010-11 from the present US $ 50 billion. Political Initiatives Chinese premier Wen Jiabao told Manmohan Singh during the Indian Prime Ministers visit to China in Jan 2008, that there was enough space for China and India and the two leaders resolve to promote building of a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity through developing the Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity between the two countries. China and India also cemented a shared vision for the 21st century by agreeing to raise the annual volume of bilateral trade to $ 60 billion by 2010 and to play role in transforming Asia and the World. In 2009, China and India witnessed frequent high-level interactions. Chinese President Hu Jintao held talks with Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) summits in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Premier Wen Jiabao interacted with Manmohan Singh at the East Asia Summit in Thailand and the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference.  [28]   CHINAS PRESENCE IN PAKISTAN NOT A THREAT TO INDIA China and India know that any conflict would have devastating effect on both countries, because of the nuclear threat and thus the ability to co-operate and solve disputes through diplomacy is in the interest of both countries. India is continuing to improve its relations with China on the convergence of interests that the two nations have achieved in recent years. In respect to Indo-Chinese cooperation it is noted that while they are rivals, they are not enemies and that they knew how to work together with common interests in mind which is exemplified by their burgeoning trade relationship and the potential to work together on a number of key issues, such as terrorism, drug trafficking, global trade and climate change.  [29]   China is presently busy in Xinjiang region trying to calm the Uighur separatist movement, it is trying its best to hold Tibet, the military intervention in Taiwan is now a possibility and war of words with Vietnam has already started. Importantly, Indias relations with China are improving with improved bilateral trade, increased political initiatives and military co-operations. Thus, having studied the Chinese need and strategy for development of its Western region, the importance of Gwadar port and POK for the western region and Chinas energy security concerns, it can be confidently stressed that Chinas presence in Pakistan is not a threat to India but is the economic need of China.

Does Ineffective Leadership Affect the Functioning of an Organization?

Introduction: Leaders are considered an integral resource in an organization and it is often said that the leader’s personality and caliber affect the manner in which an organization is managed and the organization’s overall performance. The main role of leaders is to guide, supervise, and manage the employees of an organization and make integral and critical decisions related to the organization’s operations. Thus, it is highly important for leaders to possess a variety of essential skills. Some of the skills that leaders must possess include problem-solving techniques, critical thinking, quick and efficient decision making, patience and human resource management techniques, amongst other expertise. Leaders hold major responsibility for the way they manage their decisions and the manner in which they guide the employees of an organization. Mistakes or obliviousness to vital information can lead to disastrous affects for organizations or a major loss in revenues (Northouse, 20 12). Accordingly, it is important for leaders to have a proper plan for managing a firm and leaders usually possess a certain leadership style. There are various leadership styles that leaders adopt when managing an organization and these leadership styles include the autocratic leadership style, charismatic leadership style, and situational leadership style amongst many others. Some leaders prefer to deal with an iron hand and are highly autocratic in their leadership style. Such leaders are highly authoritative and prefer to give commands rather than attain the opinion of their subordinates. However, some leaders are highly informal and involved in their leadership role and adopt a charismatic style of leadership. Such leaders prefer to involve their employees in the decision making process, prefer an informal environment, and reduce barriers to communication (Carmelli et al, 2010). However, the appropriate leadership style may vary from organization to organization and from situa tion to situation. It is the leader’s duty to understand the type of leadership necessary for a particular situation and implement it effectively (Brown & Mitchell, 2010). This research paper will seek to explore how ineffective leadership affects the functioning of an organization and whether it has a highly adverse affect upon the organization’s performance. The paper will seek to explore topics such as different management styles, responsibilities of managers/leaders, examples of ineffective leadership, and their consecutive effects on the functioning of the organization. This outline will commence with a brief literature review, formation of research questions, research methodology, and a conclusion. Literature Review: Many scholars believe that ineffective leadership leads to disastrous consequences for an organization. In the same manner, effective leadership can also lead to highly beneficial results for an organization and its employees. There are various examp les of highly successful leaders who have brought their organization’s numerous benefits such as Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and many others. These leaders were able to effectively make decisions in times of crisis, keep their workforce motivated and efficient, and form effective marketing strategies for the promotion of their organization (Hind et al, 2009). Leaders often possess certain leadership styles and it is regarded that ineffective leadership occurs because of the adoption of the inappropriate leadership style. Thus, leaders who adopt the wrong leadership style or who possess a personality which is not able to adapt to certain situations are likely to cause severe disruptions or inefficiency in the functioning of their organization. Leaders who adopt inappropriate leadership styles or who are ineffective leaders may cause problems such as increasing communication barriers, disrupt the proper dissemination of information, be oblivious to vital information concerning the organization, and lead to the de-motivation of employees. Examples are found in organizations where leaders are highly authoritative, consider their opinion to be correct, and remain distant from subordinates and employees and consequently, employees are unable to disseminate vital information to the leader and fail to help the leader make better decisions (King, 2013). However, there are also examples of organizations where the authoritative nature of leaders is working for the organization’s benefit rather than causing the organization losses. Hence, it is obvious that the leadership style that must be adopted by a leader must vary according to the organization’s situation and the manner in which the leader implements and conveys his/her message (Becker, 2009). This concept and other concepts related to the effects of ineffective leadership on the organization will be analyzed in this research paper. Research Questions: Does ineffective leadership affect the functioning of an organization? What leadership styles are appropriate for various organizational situations? How can ineffective leadership be defined and what are its consequences? Research Data: The research data that will be used will be both primary and secondary in nature. The data and information that will be gathered will be qualitative in nature and will be of exploratory in order to explore the topic in depth. Data Sources: Primary data will be gathered from the interview while secondary data will be obtained from journal articles, books, online sources, online databases, websites, newspapers, and other academic sources of information Data Collection Method: After obtaining permission from a specific organization (yet to be chosen), the manager or leader of that organization will be interviewed. Other information for the study will be derived from secondary sources for which library access and access to online databases is essential. D ata Analysis Method: As the data is qualitative in nature, the data gathered through secondary sources and the data gathered from the interview will be analyzed through the method of content analysis. The content of the literature reviewed will be compared to the content of the interview and then will be analyzed for relevancy a the key points are extracted from both sources to conduct the analysis Conclusion: Leadership is one of the most important topics in the study of management and through the analysis of the data obtained, this research paper aims to recognize, analyze, and evaluate the effects of ineffective leadership on an organization. References Becker, G. (2009) â€Å"Moral leadership in Business.† Journal of International Business Ethics. Vol. 2:1 pp. 7-19 Brown, M. & Mitchell, M. (2010) â€Å"Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Future Research. Business Ethics Quarterly. Vol. 20:4 pp. 583-616 Carmeli, A., Gelbard, R. & Gefen, D. (2010) â€Å"The importance of innovation leadership in cultivating strategic fit and enhancing firm performance†. The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 21:3 pp. 339-349 Hind, P., Wilson, A., & Lenssen, G. (2009) â€Å"Developing Leaders for Sustainable Business.† Corporate Governance. Vol. 9:1 pp.7-20 King, C. (2013) â€Å"The Importance of Leadership and Management in Process Safety†. Process Safety Progress. Northouse, PG. (2012) Leadership: Theory and Practice. Sage Publications.

Chemical Bonds in Compounds Quiz

Gang Awareness and Goals Toward Gang Suppression - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1189 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gang Violence Essay Did you like this example? Gang Awareness and Goals Toward Gang Suppression Usually when the topic of gangs arises, the discussion includes the fact that these groups are problematic and a danger to society. While this is true, there is a shift toward understanding gangs on a deeper level, and develop ways to intervene and suppress gang activity. Given the opportunity to speak with a probation officer, I was able to obtain a better understanding of gangs and the surrounding community. A few key points I took from my interview were gangs can be more complex and are run with great intelligence, and those who are in gangs can come from many different backgrounds. Once the importance of understanding gang culture becomes established, communities can come together to implement programs and strategies to start diminishing the gang violence that surrounds them. I decided to focus my interview on my criminal justice practitioners background in relation to gangs, his knowledge on gangs, and ways community involvement help to diminish gang activity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gang Awareness and Goals Toward Gang Suppression" essay for you Create order Probation Officer Background In order to get a better understanding of gangs, I contacted Extended Juvenile Jurisdiction Probation Officer Steven Davis for an interview. I wanted to get a better understanding of his background and his experience with gangs. Officer Davis is from Harvey, Illinois, moved to Minnesota to attend Concordia college, and interned with Hennepin County adult probation. This is where he decided to take a turn toward juvenile probation. Davis stated, There is a lot of gray areas when it comes to determining what is best for juveniles versus adults. With adults, it is either you go to jail or prison. When it comes to juveniles, especially the ones with the Extended Juvenile Jurisdiction, there is a sentence hanging over their heads. But this encourages more low risk behaviors since this will follow them until they are twenty-one years old. I circled back to where Officer Davis grew up and his experience with gangs in Illinois. He told me he had a few friends that were in gangs, which quickly led Davis to separate himself from those friends. I asked him how he was able to overcome the peer pressure from his friends to join gangs, and he told me he had outlets such as sports, and he did not want to disappoint his mom. This answer made me think back to Thrashers theory on the risks for gang involvement. Unlike Davis, a lot of juveniles come from poor environments and have inadequate forms of recreation, which lead them to make poor decisions and enter gangs in order to receive the love, attention, and validation they were lacking. Gang Knowledge and Awareness Officer Daviss unit is focused in North Minneapolis, which is notorious for gang activity. I asked Officer Davis what he would rank himself on familiarity with gangs or knowledge on gangs on a scale from one to ten. He rated himself a six, which is when he gave me a map of the general location of gangs in North Minneapolis and explained the rivalries were separated by Broadway. He also mentioned the term clique based gangs, which we talked about these hybrid gangs in class and other readings.In the Hybrid Gangs and Other Modern Gangs article, Starbuck states, there are youth gangs that do not fit the mold of any particular gang category(2001, p.5). The youth that are in these gangs do not follow the traditional codes and ethics of the mother gangs they may have originated from. Examples of this would be that members may change affiliations or change the colors that they wear and display. These kinds of things would not happen if they were in a mother gang. I then asked whether he was aware of how many of his clients were affiliated with gangs, and he stated that around 70% had some gang affiliation. About half of my clients are open about their gang activity, but there is also an agreement they need to follow where they cannot have any contact with fellow gang members(S. Davis. personal communication, September 27, 2018.). It is fairly easy for Officer Davis and other probation officers in his unit to find gang affiliation through social media accounts and postings. I mentioned one of my articles, and how youth in particular use E-thuggin, or using social media accounts to get a rise out of rival gangs and demand retaliation from these gang members. Officer Davis said that it is important to be aware of this, especially since gang violence is being broadcasting to a wide range of people, and where any of us can see what violence may take place in result of a threatening post. Community Involvement and Gang Suppression Officer Davis cou ld not stress enough how important community involvement is when it comes to fighting to eliminate gang activity. I asked Davis if members and parents of the community have come to his department about gang related issues and if there are any programs that were developed to help reduce gang violence. First, he told me about the Gang Violence Intervention program, which was developed in order to be a deterrent. GVI partners gang members with police officers and adults that used to be gang members in order to have them discuss problems theyre having, for which the ex-gang members and officers persuade the youth gang members to end their involvement in gangs and there are outlets there for them. The initiative is very new and is still making many changes. Also, Officer Davis spoke highly about MADDADS, which is Men Against Destruction, Defending Against Drugs and Social Disorder. This group was founded in 1989 by a group of concerned African-American men and parents who were tired of the gang violence and illegal flow of drugs in their communities. Activities that this group implemented are designed to promote a positive image of fathers protecting their communities and the members in it. This form of community involvement is especially effective because of previous gang members that are compelled to talk to these youth and give them advice on how to separate themselves from gang life. In the Gang suppression article, Ron Chance stated, Activities such as gang surveillance and crisis intervention by probation should be coordinated with similar activities by criminal justice and community-based youth agencies (1994, p.5). Chance also reiterates the purpose of activities that are community based that keep youth accountable while also providing an outlet that will deter them from gang activity. To conclude, community involvement will make all the difference when it comes to getting youth involved in programs that will benefit them, and encourage them to make a change because they know the community is there for them. Conclusion In summation, my interview allowed me to understand a criminal justice practitioners perspective on gang activity in their community and how there are ways to intervene and suppress gang activity. Officer Davis was able to give me information about his own clients and different ways his department and the community are trying respond to the gang problems. The community and departments come together to find effective methods and programs to intervene in gang activity and make their neighborhoods safer.